Dispersal Enhances Abiotic Adaptation in Populations Under Interspecific Competition Compared to Isolation

. Populations were cultured under monoculture and coculture conditions across three temperatures, with and without dispersal. Our results revealed that dispersal significantly enhanced abiotic adaptation in populations in competitive environments, particularly in numerically inferior populations, facilitating persistence under warmer conditions. Dispersal also prevented extinction events observed in cocultures without dispersal, highlighting its role in population persistence. These findings underscore the importance of adaptation to global warming, particularly for inferior species.