Bioactive Constituents and their Biological Properties in Artemisiavulgaris Linn

Introduction: Artemisia vulgaris Linn., commonly known as Mugwort, is a traditionally valued medicinal plant with diverse ethnomedicinal applications. This review consolidates current evidence on its phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic potential. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to June 2025. Eligible studies included in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo investigations reporting phytochemical constituents and biological effects of A. vulgaris. Data on extract types, dosages, experimental models, and mechanisms of action were extracted, compared, and synthesized into tables and figures. Results: A. vulgaris is rich in flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, phenolic acids, tannins, and essential oils. These bioactive constituents exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antifertility, anticonvulsant, antimalarial, anticancer, and anxiolytic effects. Mechanisms involve free radical scavenging, enzyme inhibition (e.g., COX, MAO), neurotransmitter modulation, and suppression of inflammatory mediators. Several studies reported dose-dependent responses and validated therapeutic relevance. Discussion: While preclinical findings underscore the therapeutic potential of A. vulgaris, variations in extraction methods, dosages, and experimental models limit reproducibility. A critical gap exists in well-controlled clinical trials, which are essential to confirm safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing. Future research should focus on standardization, isolation of bioactive molecules, mechanistic studies, and formulation development for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications. Conclusion: A. vulgaris is a promising source of pharmacologically active compounds with relevance for both traditional and modern medicine. Rigorous