Diffuse neutrino flux from relativistic reconnection in AGN coronae

Context. IceCube observations point to active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as promising contributors to the observed astrophysical neutrino flux. Close to the central black hole, protons can be accelerated through magnetic reconnection to very high energies and subsequently interact with abundant X-ray photons in the source, leading to neutrino production. Aims. We investigate whether the diffuse neutrino flux observed by IceCube can originate, via proton acceleration, in reconnection-powered coronae of non-jetted AGNs. Methods. We created a library of neutrino spectral templates over a large grid of values for the three key model parameters: the proton plasma magnetization of the corona σ p , the X-ray coronal luminosity, and the black hole mass. Synchrotron cooling of pions and muons plays a significant role due to the large coronal magnetic fields. To infer the diffuse neutrino flux, we coupled the single-source model with a mock AGN catalog consistent with the observed X-ray and mid-infrared AGN samples at redshifts z = 0 − 4. Results. The coronal emission satisfactorily explains the most recent IceCube measurements of the diffuse neutrino flux up to energies of ∼1 PeV, provided that ∼10% of the AGN coronae have σ p ∼ 10 5 , while the rest are distributed over a range of lower magnetizations. Coronal emission is suppressed at higher energies by pion and muon cooling so that another population is required, with jetted AGNs being strong candidates.

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Publication Details

Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2026-04-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558489
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Diffuse neutrino flux from relativistic reconnection in AGN coronae

L. Sironi, A. Georgakakis, D. Karavola, D. F. G. Fiorillo et al.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Diffuse neutrino flux from relativistic reconnection in AGN coronae

L. Sironi, A. Georgakakis, D. Karavola, D. F. G. Fiorillo, L. Comisso, M. Petropoulou
article en

Abstract

Context. IceCube observations point to active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as promising contributors to the observed astrophysical neutrino flux. Close to the central black hole, protons can be accelerated through magnetic reconnection to very high energies and subsequently interact with abundant X-ray photons in the source, leading to neutrino production. Aims. We investigate whether the diffuse neutrino flux observed by IceCube can originate, via proton acceleration, in reconnection-powered coronae of non-jetted AGNs. Methods. We created a library of neutrino spectral templates over a large grid of values for the three key model parameters: the proton plasma magnetization of the corona σ p , the X-ray coronal luminosity, and the black hole mass. Synchrotron cooling of pions and muons plays a significant role due to the large coronal magnetic fields. To infer the diffuse neutrino flux, we coupled the single-source model with a mock AGN catalog consistent with the observed X-ray and mid-infrared AGN samples at redshifts z = 0 − 4. Results. The coronal emission satisfactorily explains the most recent IceCube measurements of the diffuse neutrino flux up to energies of ∼1 PeV, provided that ∼10% of the AGN coronae have σ p ∼ 10 5 , while the rest are distributed over a range of lower magnetizations. Coronal emission is suppressed at higher energies by pion and muon cooling so that another population is required, with jetted AGNs being strong candidates.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 709
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (IT), Institute of Accelerating Systems and Applications (GR), National Observatory of Athens (GR), Flatiron Health (United States) (US), Flatiron Institute (US), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (NL)
National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Villum Fonden, European Commission, Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation
Openalex Percentile: Top 30%
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
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