Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS): An Integrative Overview from Ophthalmological and Ayurvedic Perspectives

Nowadays, devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets, and laptops in daily life. Prolonged exposure to digital screens has resulted in a growing incidence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), also referred to as Digital Eye Strain (DES). CVS represents a group of ocular and visual symptoms resulting from extended use of digital display devices. Common manifestations include asthenopia (eye strain), ocular dryness, irritation, blurred vision, headache, and musculoskeletal discomfort. From an ophthalmological perspective, CVS is primarily associated with a sustained accommodative effect The rapid expansion of digital technology has significantly increased the use of electronic rt, reduced blink rate, tear film instability, and poor visual ergonomics. In Ayurvedic literature, similar disorders may be interpreted through the concept of Asatmya Indriyartha Samyoga, which describes diseases caused by improper interaction between sensory organs and their respective stimuli. Excessive exposure of the eyes (Chakshu Indriya) to digital screens may therefore be considered a form of Ati-yoga (overuse). This article reviews the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, risk factors, preventive strategies, and integrative management approaches for Computer Vision Syndrome from both modern ophthalmological and Ayurvedic perspectives.