Essential Competencies for Nurses in Earthquake Emergencies: A Meta-Synthesis of Experience-Based Evidence

Aim: This study was to synthesize qualitative evidence to identify the core competencies essential for nursing practice in earthquake settings. Methods: A meta-synthesis was conducted to integrate findings from qualitative studies exploring nurses’ competencies during earthquake responses. Peer-reviewed English-language articles were identified through searches in four electronic databases. Studies employing qualitative methodologies were included, and thematic synthesis was used to analyze the data. Results: Seven core competency-related domains emerged from 35 included reports: (1) psychological resilience and emotional regulation, (2) adaptability and problem-solving, (3) clinical expertise under resource-constrained conditions, (4) effective communication and teamwork, (5) leadership and coordination, (6) knowledge of disaster-specific protocols and practices, and (7) cultural competence and language proficiency. These competencies were illustrated through first-hand accounts of nurses engaged in earthquake response. Conclusion: This meta-synthesis highlights the critical role of nurses in disasters, emphasizing the importance of preparedness, adaptability, and resilience. Findings inform targeted education, training, and policies to strengthen nursing responses to earthquake emergencies. Cite this article as: Cheng, C., & Bai, J. (2026). Essential competencies for nurses in earthquake emergencies: A meta-synthesis of experience-based evidence. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 34, 0393, doi: 10.5152/FNJN.2026.25393.