Epidemiological Survey on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) in Uganda’s Karamoja Sub-Region, Using a KAP Questionnaire Within a One Health Framework

BACKGROUND: The Karamoja sub-region of Uganda addresses significant challenges in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH), deeply linked to public and environmental health and regional development. OBJECTIVES: This study applied a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) survey within a One Health framework to assess WaSH conditions, hygiene behaviour, livestock management, and disease prevention in the Moroto and Napak districts. METHODS: A total of 195 respondents were surveyed, providing insights into socio-demographic factors, hygiene practices, livestock management, and disease prevention. RESULTS: < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite progress, challenges such as water scarcity, waste management, and gender disparities persist. Improving water infrastructure, promoting equitable access, and integrating tailored communication strategies are essential for fostering sustainable development, health equity, and the empowerment of women in Karamoja.