Progressive structural and functional change in horses: a conceptual framework for systemic equine (patho-)physiology

, while unresolved local pathologies limit systemic reorganization. The PSF framework integrates unconnected clinical findings into a conceptually defined systemic process, identifies measurable screening targets, and may support practitioners in prioritizing rehabilitation strategies. It generates falsifiable predictions that can be examined at two levels-through low-threshold, practice-based observational criteria and through advanced biomechanical measurement approaches-thereby enabling both practice-based application by horse owners and scientific validation. The framework aims to complement welfare-oriented veterinary prevention, diagnostics, and rehabilitation.