Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating in Figure Skaters: Prevalence, Associations, and Athlete Experiences

OBJECTIVE: Figure skating is a sport with a high risk of eating disorders (EDs), disordered eating (DE), and low energy availability (LEA). There is currently a limited understanding of athlete experiences and factors affecting body image and nutritional choices. We assessed the prevalence of ED/DE and awareness of LEA pathology [Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and female athlete triad (Triad)]. We also assessed experiences and qualitative factors affecting food choices and feelings about body weight and/or shape. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: One-time survey. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-seven adolescent/young adult figure skaters ages 13 to 25 years (75.4% female). INTERVENTION: Electronic REDCap survey including demographic and health data, questions from standardized ED/DE screens, and open text responses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eating disorders/DE rates as identified by self-report of ED/DE or a positive score on ED/DE screen, affirmative responses to specific questions, open text responses coded for qualitative data thoughts/experiences. RESULTS: The prevalence of a positive screen for ED/DE was 35.1%. More than half (51.8%) of athletes had received comments about their body weight and/or shape, and this was associated with athletes having a positive screen for ED/DE ( P < 0.01). Less than 16% of participants had heard of Triad or REDs. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes had high rates of screening positive for ED/DE and having received comments about their body weight/shape. The notable association between these variables necessitates further attention. Combined with a low awareness of LEA pathology, there is a need for education and future research to enhance the prevention and treatment of ED/DE and REDs.