Investigating Coastal Vegetation Dynamics and Ecosystem Impacts Under Elevated CO <sub>2</sub> and Temperature: A Process‐Based Approach
Abstract Coastal forests are increasingly vulnerable to climate change and sea‐level rise, with flooding and salinity driving transitions to marsh‐dominated ecosystems. Using the coastal version of FATES‐Hydro, we conducted 30‐year simulations at two coastal forest sites—a broadleaf swamp white oak stand at Lake Erie and a conifer loblolly pine stand at Chesapeake Bay—under historical climate and elevated CO 2 (+100 ppm) and temperature (+1.5°C) scenarios. Elevated CO 2 increased net primary productivity at both sites, while warming alone intensified hydraulic stress and accelerated mortality, particularly in the conifer stand. Simulations show that elevated temperatures intensify vapor pressure deficit and hydraulic stress on trees already experiencing salinity‐ and submersion‐driven water stress, increasing tree mortality beyond what would be expected in a non‐water‐limited environment. Marsh expansion partially compensated for tree loss at the Lake Erie site but reduced ecosystem productivity in the conifer forest at Chesapeake Bay. Our results highlight how differences in stand structure, phenology, and local hydrology modulate ecosystem trajectories under climate change, emphasizing the importance of demographic and community‐level processes for predicting the fate of coastal forests.
Authors
- Alice Stearns (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7628-3419)
- Nate G. McDowell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-2254)
- Matthew Kovach (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-2459)
- Kenneth Kemner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-8542)
- Nathan Conroy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-3373)
- Vanessa Bailey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-8890)
- Stephanie Pennington (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-1092)
- Fausto Machado‐Silva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-3284)
- Donnie Day (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9454-7602)
- Michael Weintraub (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9623-2855)
- Matthew L. Kirwan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-3038)
- Kendalynn A. Morris (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-6965)
- Peter Thornton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-5158)
- Letícia Sandoval (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-2249)
- Patrick Megonigal
- Yan Fang
- Junyan Ding
- Roberta Peixoto
- Peter Regier
- Teri O’Meara
- Nicholas D. Ward
- Stephanie J. Wilson
Institutions
- Joint Global Change Research Institute (US)
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (US)
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- William & Mary (US)
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (ES)
- Virginia Sea Grant (US)
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (US)
- Washington State University (US)
- University of Toledo (US)
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences
- Published
- 2026-04-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jg009305
- Primary Topic
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Idaho Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy