Uncertainty‐aware thermo‐economic and exergo‐environmental analysis of a solar–biomass <scp>ORC</scp> – <scp> sCO ₂ </scp> hybrid system

Abstract Renewable hybrid polygeneration systems are gaining increasing attention due to their potential to provide high efficiency, dispatchable energy supply, and reduced environmental impacts. In this study, an uncertainty‐aware thermo‐economic and exergo‐environmental analysis of a solar–biomass hybrid polygeneration system integrating an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and a supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2 ) Brayton cycle is presented. A steady‐state thermodynamic model of the system was developed in the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) environment, and system performance was evaluated through energy, exergy, economic, and environmental indicators while considering parameter uncertainties using Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that the hybrid ORC–sCO 2 configuration achieves an energy efficiency of 41.2% and an exergy efficiency of 43.8%, outperforming standalone cycle configurations. Exergy destruction analysis shows that heat exchangers contribute 34% of the total irreversibilities, followed by the biomass combustion unit with 28%. The thermo‐economic assessment reveals a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 58 $/MWh, corresponding to approximately 20% cost reduction compared to conventional single‐cycle systems. Furthermore, the exergo‐environmental analysis indicates a low environmental impact coefficient (EI) of 0.21 and an estimated reduction of approximately 65,000 t CO 2 ‐eq per year. These findings demonstrate the potential of solar–biomass hybrid polygeneration systems as an efficient and environmentally sustainable pathway toward low‐carbon energy systems. The system includes an 18,000 m 2 solar field and a biomass feed rate of 0.65 kg/s, demonstrating the feasibility of hybrid renewable polygeneration for dispatchable clean energy production.