Temporal stem anatomy. Photorealistic surface scanning anatomical and 3D tractography study

BACKGROUND: The temporal stem is a critical structure within the brain, connecting the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes via various fiber tracts. This study aims to evaluate the use of photogrammetry surface scanning and MRI-based tractography in presenting the layered anatomy of the fibers comprising the temporal stem. OBJECT: To clearly present the layered anatomy of the fibers comprising the temporal stem through photogrammetry surface scanning methods and MRI-based tractography studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three body-donor-based brain dissections were documented with photogrammetry surface scanning and compared to MRI-based diffusion tensor imaging tractography. High-resolution 3D models were created using both techniques to visualize the layered fiber architecture of the temporal stem. Tractography data were processed using DSI Studio software based on population-averaged white matter templates from open-access databases. RESULTS: Seven photorealistic 3D models were generated through photogrammetry, complemented by detailed coronal sections of MRI-based 3D tractography model. These models revealed the anatomical organization of critical fiber tracts, including the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, anterior commissure, and Meyer's loop of the optic radiation. CONCLUSION: The temporal stem is a crucial anatomical region comprising important white matter tracts. Their layered anatomical course can be clearly demonstrated by stratigraphical dissections and surface scanning methods, as well as augmented with 3D segmentation of MRI data. White matter dissection perfectly fits photogrammetry, permitting stratification and creating a truly interactive experience allowing a more precise 3D representation of individual fibers, their orientation, and position, surpassing the limitations of 2D representations of anatomy.