Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Micro–Nanostructures on Pristine SLM-Ti Surfaces

nanotube arrays or separated nanotube arrays. The results demonstrate that the resulting superhydrophobic behavior can be effectively regulated by two key factors: the liquid-solid contact mode at the microscale and the strength of capillary action within the nanostructures. Notably, these characteristics can be tailored by controlling the nanotube diameter and intertubular spacing. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of micro-nano hierarchical structures in engineering superhydrophobic surfaces, thereby opening new avenues for advanced applications.