Toward Efficient and Reliable Chemical Upgrading Using Solid Oxide Electrochemical Reactors, Mechanisms, Challenges, and Design Principles

upgrading, anodic methane coupling, alkane-to-olefin conversion, and their hybrid pathways, establishing a foundation for next-generation material development. We then summarize the critical factors governing conversion efficiency, product selectivity, and operation stability from both electrochemical and catalytic perspectives. Subsequently, recent advances in electrode development for enhancing electrochemical performance and product yields are summarized and compared. Finally, future opportunities and research directions are outlined to accelerate the commercial translation of SOER technologies. This review provides a framework for understanding complex SOER-driven chemical upgrading and offers guidance for its development.