Genetic architecture of obesity and advances in precision pharmacotherapy: a comprehensive review

. The interplay between genetic probability and environmental factors underscores the heterogeneity of obesity phenotypes. Recent advances in pharmacotherapy, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual/triple incretin agonists, demonstrate strong efficacy across various genetic backgrounds and underscore the translational relevance of genetic insights. New findings from different groups support the use of polygenic risk scores to identify individuals at risk and suggest prevention strategies. This review discusses the genomic data on clinical practice and emphasizes the possibilities and challenges of precision medicine in obesity treatment. Future research should focus on length of genetic screening and elucidating gene-environment interactions to optimize treatment outcomes.