Photon Theory: A Dynamic Framework of Cosmic Growth and Temporal Carrier

This paper presents a self-consistent and geometrically unified theoretical framework centered on the photon. It proposes that the photon serves as the fundamental dynamical carrier of time in four-dimensional spacetime and the axial driving mechanism of cosmic expansion. Within current experimental precision, the rest mass of the photon can be regarded as zero, which is a theoretical approximation rather than an absolute essence, since no absolute rest exists in the dynamic universe. A growth-dissipation equilibrium mechanism is introduced to explain cosmic accelerated expansion, with the Hubble constant as the macroscopic observable. In this framework, bosons are interpreted as higher-dimensional geometric projections; neutrinos are conjectured to share a common geometric origin with photons but differ in projection mode. Quantum entanglement reflects topological unity in higher-dimensional geometry instead of superluminal communication. Optical fiber has inherent limitations, while the Pythagorean frustum is the optimal geometric structure for stable photon propagation and energy confinement. The framework is logically closed, consistent with observations, and free of contradictions.