Scalable Jet-O-Mized Eggshell Membrane Processing for Bioactives Promoting Gut Health

bacterial growth by 50% within 24 h, compared to the untreated bacterial culture. The formulations demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory properties with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW macrophages, resulting in a 80% reduction in NO production compared to untreated cells. Proteomics analysis of SJ revealed key anti-inflammatory (YBX1, YWHAE) and antimicrobial (OCX36, OC-17, TENP, and histones) effectors whose coordinated activities could modulate gut microbial composition. The permeability of the intestinal barrier model Caco-2 monolayer was not significantly affected by treatment with any JEM-derived formulation, thereby predicting maintenance of intestinal integrity. This study provides safe, novel ESM derivatives with high bioavailability and multifunctional bioactivities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, positioning them as promising candidates for dietary supplements to promote gut health.