First Clinical Report on Efficacy of Alternative European Viper Antivenoms in Treatment of Vipera ammodytes Envenomation in Croatia

. In all cases, treatment was successful and patients were discharged from hospital after an average of 3.97 days. Patients with pronounced neurotoxic signs did not require treatment with multiple doses of antivenom. All antivenoms proved effective. No adverse reactions or fatalities were observed.

Authors

Igor Križaj (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-0708)
Adrijana Leonardi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-9955)
Svjetlana Karabuva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-410X)
Mihaela Čikeš Šimunković

Institutions

Jožef Stefan Institute (SI)
University of Split (HR)

Publication Details

Journal: Toxins
Published: 2026-04-07
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18040178
Primary Topic: Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 0.00

Funders

Microsoft
Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS

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article

First Clinical Report on Efficacy of Alternative European Viper Antivenoms in Treatment of Vipera ammodytes Envenomation in Croatia

Igor Križaj, Adrijana Leonardi, Svjetlana Karabuva, Mihaela Čikeš Šimunković

Apr 7, 2026

Toxins

Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies

article

First Clinical Report on Efficacy of Alternative European Viper Antivenoms in Treatment of Vipera ammodytes Envenomation in Croatia

Igor Križaj, Adrijana Leonardi, Svjetlana Karabuva, Mihaela Čikeš Šimunković

April 7, 2026article en

Abstract

. In all cases, treatment was successful and patients were discharged from hospital after an average of 3.97 days. Patients with pronounced neurotoxic signs did not require treatment with multiple doses of antivenom. All antivenoms proved effective. No adverse reactions or fatalities were observed.

ToxinsVol. 18(4)

Jožef Stefan Institute (SI), University of Split (HR)

Microsoft, Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS

Good health and well-being

Openalex Percentile: Top 29%

Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies

DOI Open Access PDF OpenAlex

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