Stakeholders’ Views on the Barriers and Facilitators to Enhancing Care for Older People in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

As Saudi Arabia experiences demographic shifts due to rising life expectancy and declining fertility rates, its health and social care systems face challenges in meeting aging population needs. These challenges are accompanied by high prevalence of chronic diseases, changing family structure, and limited aged-care infrastructure. This qualitative descriptive study explored stakeholders' perspectives on barriers and facilitators to improving care for older people in Saudi Arabia. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with academics, policymakers, health professionals, administrators, and service providers across health, social, private, and nonprofit sectors. Reflexive thematic analysis identified seven themes. Barriers included workforce shortages and skills gaps, resource limitations, infrastructure and accessibility challenges, and sociocultural and family-related issues. Facilitators include optimizing infrastructure, workforce development and training, and implementing flexible and culturally appropriate care models. Recommendations include expanding geriatric training programs, establishing long-term care facilities within hospitals, integrating virtual medicine services, developing financial support and workplace policies for family caregivers, and developing culturally sensitive respite care models. Findings suggest that improving care for older people in Saudi Arabia requires an integrated approach that balances formal services with community and family support. Implementing practical, context-specific interventions is essential to enhance quality of life while preserving cultural values and social cohesion.