NH3 slip identification and NH3-Induced bias correction in remote NOx emissions monitoring of heavy-duty diesel vehicles

interference. In multi-vehicle compliance screening, several vehicles that would have been falsely flagged as non-compliant based on raw remote NOx data were reclassified as compliant after correction, with their estimated emissions falling below the 0.69 g/kWh regulatory limit, reducing false non-compliance determinations and improving the precision of high-emitter targeting. By enabling scalable and trustworthy NOx quantification, the proposed framework enhances the credibility and cost-effectiveness of telematics-based oversight. It supports cleaner freight operations through more reliable, data-driven emissions governance under real-world driving conditions.