Comprehensive Review of <i>Borassus Flabellifer</i> Fiber: Potential as a Sustainable Material in Bangladesh and Worldwide for Engineering Applications

Modern engineering demands materials that deliver both thermal and mechanical stability while remaining sustainable. Although synthetic fibres perform well, their environmental impact reduces long-term viability. Consequently, focus has shifted to natural, renewable and eco-friendly alternatives. Biofibres are increasingly valued for their availability, low carbon footprint and sustainability. Among them, fibre from Borassus flabellifer (Palmyra palm) fruit is largely underutilized in Bangladesh, where it is mainly discarded or used for low-value energy. This review examines its potential as a reinforcement for high-performance biocomposites. The fibre’s low density, low moisture absorption, good thermal insulation and sufficient mechanical strength make it well suited for lightweight structural applications. Alkali treatment improves fibre quality by removing hemicellulose and impurities, enhancing both morphology and thermal stability. Composites reinforced with B. flabellifer fibre demonstrate performance comparable to other natural-fibre composites, with enhanced mechanical strength, thermal resistance and damping property. These characteristics position the material as a promising, sustainable solution for advanced engineering applications supporting global net-zero emissions targets for 2050 and aligning with broader sustainability objectives set by the UNSDGs and the Paris Agreement, while also benefiting local communities in Bangladesh.