A multi-theoretical framework for public procurement smart contract adoption: considering stakeholder perceptions

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions held by direct and indirect stakeholders regarding the use of smart contracts through blockchain technology for public procurement in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach The methodology for this research was a questionnaire that was filled out by members of the public, potential users, government officials and those working with the technology as the use of smart contracts for public procurement in Dubai, UAE. The data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), which is used for the statistical evaluation of data. In addition, descriptive analysis, regression analysis, statistical significance and structural equation modelling analysis was used to create in depth analysis of the data. Findings The findings revealed that a significant positive influence could be found on behavioural intention where relative advantage, trialability, observability, perceived compatibility, perceived enjoyment and technology awareness were in place. However, factors such as complexity, perceived risk and perceived constraints from suppliers, regulations and business partners were found to apply a significant negative influence on the behavioural intention. Social implications In terms of blockchain and smart contracts, social impact should be studied so that future design can reflect those areas in which the technology services individuals within the system. As a result, the gap in literature is focused on the way in which perceptions of users impact the efficiency of a system and the way in which the system can service those individuals who would use the process. Originality/value This research is important because it represents the level of acceptance that exists in terms of smart contracts and provides an understanding of how change may be resisted as public procurement is conducted through smart contracts. This study contributes to the literature in several different ways. An analysis of blockchain technology as it relates to performance and efficiency in public procurement within the UAE was found to support the theory that blockchain technology can enhance public projects at the governmental level. The perceptions of the disruptive qualities of the technology as examined through technological acceptance model, Technology-Organization-Environment and Innovation Diffusion Theory supported an understanding of the capabilities of users to adapt to the technology. In turn, recommendations concerning the transition and possibilities of smart contracts for the public procurement process was supported.