Implantable Multiband Antennas for Future Wireless Brain Health Devices: Review on Design Approaches and Recent Developments [Bioelectromagnetics]

Efforts to promote patients’ quality of life through advanced healthcare technology are increasingly focusing on implantable wireless biomedical telemetry systems, particularly on the development of compact, multifunctional implantable antennas. These antennas enable continuous medical monitoring and support various functions such as data transmission, wireless power transfer (WPT), and control signals across multiple frequency bands. This article reviews the challenges and recent advances in miniature multiband antennas for brain implants, with a comparative analysis of three planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) designs, dual band, triple band, and quad band, as case studies evaluated under the same metrics as the surveyed literature.