Mapping Foot and Ankle Psoriatic Arthritis: Global Trends, Regional Variations, and the Indian Experience: A Narrative Review

Narrative review healthcare settings.A clearer understanding of these factors can support earlier identification and more effective, patient-centered care for individuals living with PsA. IntroductIonPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that arises in a subset of individuals with psoriasis, characterized by joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and associated skin and nail changes.The condition can involve multiple anatomical sites, including the spine, small joints of the hands and feet, but the foot and ankle are particularly frequent early targets.Enthesitis at tendon insertions, digital swelling, and peripheral joint inflammation often manifest early in the disease course, contributing to difficulties with walking, balance, and daily functional activities.This narrative review examines the epidemiology of PsA with specific emphasis on foot and ankle involvement, evaluating regional patterns, key clinical manifestations, and the broader impact on mobility and quality of life.By outlining geographic variation in presentation and highlighting the substantial functional burden associated with foot-dominant disease, the review underscores areas where improved awareness, diagnostic precision, and targeted management are needed across diverse 1,