Collaborative Operation Optimization of a Hybrid Electrolyzer Fleet for an Integrated Wind-Solar-to-Ammonia System

With the gradual deployment of integrated wind-solar-to-ammonia projects in China, electrolyzers must track renewable power fluctuations while ensuring economic feasibility for downstream hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis. This dual requirement poses significant challenges for operational strategies. Therefore, this article proposes a collaborative operation strategy for a hybrid electrolyzer fleet (alkaline and proton exchange membrane) that balances renewable power tracking with the economic benefits of green ammonia synthesis. First, a comprehensive mathematical model of the integrated wind-solar-to-ammonia system is constructed. Subsequently, a multiobjective optimization scheme based on an improved knee region (IKR) nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) is designed to coordinate the multielectrolyzer operation. Finally, operational data from a demonstration project in Da'an City, Jilin Province, China, is utilized for verification. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively enhances both the operational efficiency and the economic viability of the system.