The Schwarz function and the shrinking of the Szegő curve: electrostatic, hydrodynamic, and random matrix models

Abstract We study the deformation of the classical Szegő curve $$\gamma _0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> given by $$\gamma _t = \{ z\in \mathbb {C}: |z\, e^{1-z}| = e^{-t}, |z|\le 1\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$t\ge 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> from three different viewpoints: an electrostatic equilibrium problem, the dual hydrodynamic model, and a random matrix model. The common framework underlying these models is the asymptotic distribution of zeros of the scaled varying Laguerre polynomials $$L^{(\alpha _n)}_n(n z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in the critical regime where $$\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\alpha _n/n=-1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>lim</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , for which the limiting zero distribution is supported on $$\gamma _t$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , where the deformation parameter t encodes the exponential rate at which the sequence $$\alpha _n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> approximates the set of negative integers. We show that the Schwarz functions of these curves can be written in terms of the Lambert W function, and that in this formulation the S -property of Stahl and Gonchar and Rachmanov can be explictly written as the Schwarz reflection symmetry. We also discuss a conformal map of the interior of the curves $$\gamma _t$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> onto the disks $$D(0,e^{-t})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and the harmonic moments of the curves.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Analysis and Mathematical Physics
Published
2026-04-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13324-026-01194-7
Primary Topic
Geometry and complex manifolds
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

The Schwarz function and the shrinking of the Szegő curve: electrostatic, hydrodynamic, and random matrix models

Luis Martı́nez Alonso, Elena Medina, Gabriel Alejandro Yerena Álvarez
Analysis and Mathematical Physics
Geometry and complex manifolds
article

The Schwarz function and the shrinking of the Szegő curve: electrostatic, hydrodynamic, and random matrix models

Luis Martı́nez Alonso, Elena Medina, Gabriel Alejandro Yerena Álvarez
article en

Abstract

Abstract We study the deformation of the classical Szegő curve $$\gamma _0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> given by $$\gamma _t = \{ z\in \mathbb {C}: |z\, e^{1-z}| = e^{-t}, |z|\le 1\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mspace/> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$t\ge 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> from three different viewpoints: an electrostatic equilibrium problem, the dual hydrodynamic model, and a random matrix model. The common framework underlying these models is the asymptotic distribution of zeros of the scaled varying Laguerre polynomials $$L^{(\alpha _n)}_n(n z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in the critical regime where $$\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\alpha _n/n=-1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>lim</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , for which the limiting zero distribution is supported on $$\gamma _t$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , where the deformation parameter t encodes the exponential rate at which the sequence $$\alpha _n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> approximates the set of negative integers. We show that the Schwarz functions of these curves can be written in terms of the Lambert W function, and that in this formulation the S -property of Stahl and Gonchar and Rachmanov can be explictly written as the Schwarz reflection symmetry. We also discuss a conformal map of the interior of the curves $$\gamma _t$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> onto the disks $$D(0,e^{-t})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and the harmonic moments of the curves.

Analysis and Mathematical PhysicsVol. 16(3)
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES), Universidad de Cádiz (ES)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Geometry and complex manifolds
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.