Structural and morphological modulation of the myocardium by Dioscorea bulbifera saponins in experimentally induced cardiotoxicity

Background: bulbils in mitigating experimentally induced cardiotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6). Group A received distilled water, and Group B received doxorubicin (10 mg/kg). Groups C and D received SRF (50 or 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Groups E and F received doxorubicin with SRF, while Groups G and H were pretreated with SRF before doxorubicin on day 15. Blood and heart tissues were collected for analysis after euthanasia. Results: Rats in the doxorubicin-only group (Group B) exhibited significant elevations in serum cardiac injury markers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), along with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Conversely, activities of key antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)-were markedly reduced. Enhanced glycogen accumulation, Caspase-3 activation, and CD4 expression further indicated heightened oxidative stress and apoptosis. Treatment with SRF, particularly in the pre- and co-administration protocols, significantly attenuated these alterations. Conclusion: bulbils demonstrated substantial cardioprotective potential against doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury, likely through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.