Prospective Memory for Virtual Cooking Tasks in Relation to Adaptive Functioning

= 50-56) had an informant who completed an identical version of each reported measure (see Methods limitations). Multivariate general linear models were conducted to demonstrate the association between the VKP-PM and the four dependent variables (representing adaptive functioning), while adjusting for demographic characteristics (age and gender), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale-15; GDS), and VR-related comfort. Primary analyses revealed that higher VKP-PM scores were associated with better performance-based adaptive functioning, beyond covariates. Associations between VKP-PM and self-reported adaptive functioning were weaker and less consistent, with only the IADLS showing a significant association. Post hoc moderation analyses indicated that GDS exerted broad negative effects on self-report measures. The informant model showed stronger convergence with VKP-PM. Across analytic frameworks, the VKP-PM, representing a function-led, ecologically oriented VR measure of prospective memory, was reliably associated with adaptive functioning, most strongly with performance-based measures, weaker/mixed with self-reported measures, and moderately with informant-reported measures. These findings support the ecological veridicality of the VKP-PM assessment and underscore the influence of affective and methodological factors on self-perceived functioning, emphasizing the need for a multimodal approach to the adaptive functioning assessment in a clinical sample referred for a neuropsychological evaluation.