Terroir Products in Morocco: A review of Challenges, Development Strategies, Biotechnology for Sustainable Valorization

Moroccan terroir products represent a significant wealth, stemming from the country’s biological diversity, local production conditions, and the traditional knowledge of rural communities. These products play a key role in the economic and social development of rural areas. Yet, their valorization remains limited by several constraints, including the lack of suitable technologies, the weak structuring of value chains, and the impacts of climate change. This study comprehensively surveys scientific work on the valorization of Moroccan terroir products, with a focus on the contribution of biotechnology as a tool for improving quality, preservation, and sustainability. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA method, covering the period 2001-2025. The selected publications were analysed to identify the main sectors studied, the technological approaches used, and research trends, in order to ensure the sustainable valorization of Moroccan terroir products and support the development of rural areas.