Tridax procumbens promotes apoptosis and suppresses markers of proliferation, growth, and metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells

(4.4-fold), and ALP (5.0-fold) proteins in DCMF-treated cells compared to control. DCMF significantly suppressed PNA and GST-pi (2.3-fold), Ki-67 (2.7-fold), and vimentin (10.8-fold) in PANC-1 cells relative to control. Also, DCMF induced Bcl-2 perinuclear staining and cytoplasmic translocation of APC in treated cells. Phenotype morphogenesis was observed in DCMF-treated embryonic pancreas with immunopositivity for insulin, vimentin, and amylase (1.3-fold), cytokeratin-7 (1.5-fold), PNA (1.9-fold), and glucagon (2.8-fold). In conclusion, Tridax procumbens appear to exert its anticancer effect via induction of apoptosis, antioxidant enzymes, and suppression of growth, proliferation, and invasiveness in PANC-1 cells without any observable toxicity on the normal embryonic pancreas.