Between routine and relation: midwives’ experiences and perspectives of asking about intimate partner violence in maternal healthcare − a qualitative study using thematic analysis

OBJECTIVE: To explore midwives' experiences and perspective of asking about intimate partner violence (IPV) in maternal healthcare. METHODS: The study was conducted in maternal clinics across Region Stockholm in 2025. Following the completion of a larger intervention project, focus group and individual interviews were carried out with 25 midwives from nine clinics. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Two overarching themes captured midwives' experiences. Strategies for Asking and Identifying IPV reflected how midwives normalised IPV inquiry, created opportunities for privacy, adapted their approaches, and navigated professional uncertainty. Responding to IPV highlighted the importance of continuity and trust for disclosure, the use of intuition alongside documentation, and the role of collegial support. Midwives described taking protective actions through flexible care and interprofessional collaboration, while noting persistent barriers such as limited privacy and inconsistent organisational routines. CONCLUSIONS: Asking about IPV in maternal healthcare is a relational and staged process shaped by continuity, emotional safety, and organisational support. Strengthening clear action plans, interprofessional pathways, and ongoing training may enhance midwives' confidence and ensure that routine inquiry leads to safe, respectful, and person-centred support for pregnant women.