Traumatic brain injury-related stigma among intimate partner violence survivors

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), yet little is known about TBI-related stigma in this population. This qualitative study explores how such stigma affects IPV survivors, building on broader research showing its impact on recovery. METHODS: We conducted individual interviews with IPV survivors with TBI. We analyzed the data using hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: = 7, 35%) had sustained four TBI's. We identified seven themes spanning three levels: A) Societal, B) Interpersonal, and C) Intrapersonal. At the societal level, the themes were: 1) Stigma across sectors, not limited to healthcare, and 2) Overlapping stigmas with mental health challenges. At the interpersonal level: 3) Interpersonal conflict due to negative attitudes and behaviors, and 4) Lack of understanding about TBI and symptoms. At the intrapersonal level: 5) TBI-related symptoms contributing to shame and self-discrepancy, and 6) Challenges with acceptance of TBI. The final theme cut across all levels: 7) Validation of experience as critical to post-TBI recovery. CONCLUSION: To support IPV survivors with TBI, practitioners must address and reduce stigma.