Assessment of visual contrast sensitivity in biotoxin-exposed individuals using four testing methods

BACKGROUND: Environmental biotoxins, such as mould, are linked to neurological and visual dysfunction, including impaired visual contrast sensitivity (VCS). Testing VCS alterations is recommended as a biomarker for biotoxicity. This study compared four VCS tests in detecting VCS deficits in individuals with clinical signs of biotoxicity. METHODS: ), Clinic CSF App, and an Experimental VCS test. Neurotoxicity symptoms were assessed with the modified Q16 questionnaire, and pupil size was measured under standard lighting. RESULTS: and the Clinic CSF App. The Shoemaker handheld chart did not distinguish between groups. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the effectiveness of digital VCS testing and symptom questionnaires as practical tools for detecting visual and neurological impairments in individuals with suspected biotoxin exposure.