Hybrid GA–PSO-Based Distribution Network Reconfiguration for Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Enhancement

This work proposes a hybrid GA–PSO framework for multi-objective distribution network reconfiguration aimed at reducing active power losses, improving voltage profile quality, and limiting switching effort under radiality and operating constraints. The methodology combines GA-based diversification of admissible radial topologies with PSO-based intensification around promising feasible solutions, while preserving an external archive of non-dominated solutions. Each candidate configuration is evaluated through AC power flow and validated by nodal voltage, branch loading, and radiality constraints. The proposal is tested on the IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus systems under three scenarios: S0 (base case), S1 (topology reconfiguration with Vs=1.00 p.u.), and S2 (S1 with substation-voltage adjustment). In the IEEE 33-bus feeder, losses decrease from 202.68 kW to 139.55 kW in S1 and to 129.70 kW in S2, while Vmin improves from 0.913 p.u. to 0.938 p.u. and 0.974 p.u. In the IEEE 69-bus feeder, losses decrease from 224.99 kW to 99.62 kW in S1 and from 224.99 kW to 96.83 kW in S2, confirming benchmark-consistent and operationally enhanced performance under coordinated voltage support.