Energy-adaptive coding metasurface for device protection and directional transmission

Electromagnetic protection is important for the stability of energy supply, the quality of communication links, and the reliability of military electronics. Conventional schemes rely on bulky, high-density shielding to block signal transmission, thereby hindering device integration and miniaturization. To achieve energy-adaptive switching between device protection and information transmission, we propose a dynamic 2-bit coding metasurface composed of multi-VO 2 and Au layers. Based on the phase transition characteristics of VO 2 , the proposed metasurface dynamically switches between device protection and directional signal transmission under different intensity electromagnetic waves. Under high-energy electromagnetic-wave incidence, the metasurface blocks wave transmission and redirects the reflected energy to all directions, thereby protecting the device from heat accumulation. As the energy of the incident wave decreases, the metasurface achieves more refined wavefront regulation and the generation of directional vortex beams. This energy-adaptive metasurface design has potential applications in device protection and wireless communications.