Study on spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of socialist built heritage based on the MGWR model in Henan, China

The Socialist built heritage(SBH) from the period of socialist construction serves as a tangible reminder of a distinct historical timeframe, possessing singular historical, cultural, and societal significance. The research examines 1362 SBH sites constructed from 1949 to 1978 in Henan, with the goal of addressing the lack of spatial quantification studies of different SBH types at the provincial level. After expert validation and categorization by concept, heritage is classified into nine distinct groups. The research utilized kernel density estimation and standard deviation ellipse analysis to uncover a notable “core edge” clustering pattern of SBH in spatial terms, showcasing a general distribution trend of “northwest to southeast”. This research utilizes the MGWR model to clarify how various factors influence the spatial heterogeneity of SBH distribution across different scales, highlighting spatial correlations instead of causal links. Studies have indicated that worldwide dynamics, including national strategies, establish the larger framework for the distribution of heritage. Meanwhile, regional elements like historical industrial bases and local components such as terrain influence the central agglomeration and the detailed site selection within an MGWR model. In conclusion, tailored protection and revitalization strategies that are closely aligned with the spatial organization of heritage sites are proposed.