Evaluation of Mini- and Micro-esthetic Components of the Smile in Extraction and Non-extraction Treatment Mechanics: A Clinical Photographic Study

Introduction Smile esthetics play a vital role in orthodontic treatment outcomes. Different treatment mechanics can influence mini-esthetic and micro-esthetic smile parameters differently. Aim To evaluate the mini-esthetic and micro-esthetic components of the smile in extraction and non-extraction treatment cases. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 50 orthodontically treated patients, which were divided into two groups: Group I (25 extraction) and Group II (25 non-extraction). Pre- and post-treatment frontal smile photographs were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop CC 2023. Mini-esthetic parameters assessed were maxillary incisor display (MID), gingival display (GD), smile index (SI), and buccal corridor ratio (BCR), while micro-esthetic parameters included crown width–height ratio (WHR), golden percentage (GP), connector height (CH), and gingival zenith level (GZL). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18. Student’s t -test was used for intragroup comparisons, while intergroup comparison of change scores was performed descriptively. Results Both extraction and non-extraction groups demonstrated significant intragroup improvements in several esthetic parameters. Extraction cases showed a reduction in MID and BCR, while non-extraction cases demonstrated an increase in incisor display and CH. GP improved in both groups. Intergroup comparison of change scores revealed comparable esthetic outcomes between the two treatment modalities. Conclusion Both treatment modalities demonstrated improvement in smile esthetic parameters, though the pattern of changes differed between the groups. Extraction cases showed an enhanced width and height ratio and reduced buccal corridors, whereas non-extraction cases showed improved incisor display and CH. GP improved in both groups, highlighting the importance of individualized treatment planning for optimal esthetic results.