Screening and dynamic change study of microbial and metabolite markers for calf diarrhea based on multi-omics and machine learning

, together with characteristic metabolites such as dulcitol and N-acetylmuramate, as candidate biomarkers, and provides a high-performance predictive framework to support early diagnosis and targeted microbiota-based interventions. IMPORTANCE: at birth was potentially associated with subsequent diarrhea risk, while L-glutamic acid, choline, and LysoPC exhibited distinct temporal trajectories. Collectively, these findings provide translational candidate biomarkers to support early warning and microbiota-targeted precision interventions for neonatal calf diarrhea.