Stochastic Time‐Resolved Opto‐Electrochemical Analysis of Free Nanourchin‐Conjugated Antibody Interactions With Breast Cancer Biomarkers in Serum

, associated with overtone and combination bands of OH, NH, and mixed NH/CH vibrations. Stochastic FT-NIR and SERS fluctuations reflect time-dependent conformational changes, binding-site accessibility, and vibrational-mode variations. Correlation-coefficient dynamics indicate shifts in the analyte's molecular environment, influencing PCA clustering. A time-mapped Raman heatmap further tracks evolving peak positions and intensities, offering complementary insight into biomarker-sensor interactions. The free and randomly conjugated antigen-antibody system exhibits nonlinear stochastic behavior.