Three types of localized waves and their interactions in the (3+1)-dimensional Wazwaz–Kaur–Boussinesq equation

The (3+1)-dimensional Wazwaz–Kaur–Boussinesq equation, which always elucidate that the propagation of gravity waves over the water surface, more specifically, the head-on collision of oblique wave profiles, is investigated by the Hirota bilinear method. First, the N-soliton solutions in the exponential form are given. By introducing some resonant conditions in the N-soliton solutions, we successfully derive the resonant soliton solutions. Then, these three kinds of resonant solutions, including Y-shaped solitons, X-shaped solitons, as well as interactions between Y-shaped and the common solitons, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, multi-breathers are generated through the complex conjugate reduction method, especially, parallel and crossed breathers are discussed. Combining both the long-wave limit and the complex conjugate reduction methods, the concrete expressions of arbitrary lump solutions are also given. Finally, different kinds of interactional solutions among resonant solitons, breathers, and lumps are systematically studied, and then the related dynamics are also demonstrated.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physics of Fluids
Published
2026-04-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0314698
Primary Topic
Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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Three types of localized waves and their interactions in the (3+1)-dimensional Wazwaz–Kaur–Boussinesq equation

Yaonan Shan, Tao Xu, Ying Wang
Physics of Fluids
Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
article

Three types of localized waves and their interactions in the (3+1)-dimensional Wazwaz–Kaur–Boussinesq equation

Yaonan Shan, Tao Xu, Ying Wang
article en

Abstract

The (3+1)-dimensional Wazwaz–Kaur–Boussinesq equation, which always elucidate that the propagation of gravity waves over the water surface, more specifically, the head-on collision of oblique wave profiles, is investigated by the Hirota bilinear method. First, the N-soliton solutions in the exponential form are given. By introducing some resonant conditions in the N-soliton solutions, we successfully derive the resonant soliton solutions. Then, these three kinds of resonant solutions, including Y-shaped solitons, X-shaped solitons, as well as interactions between Y-shaped and the common solitons, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, multi-breathers are generated through the complex conjugate reduction method, especially, parallel and crossed breathers are discussed. Combining both the long-wave limit and the complex conjugate reduction methods, the concrete expressions of arbitrary lump solutions are also given. Finally, different kinds of interactional solutions among resonant solitons, breathers, and lumps are systematically studied, and then the related dynamics are also demonstrated.

Physics of FluidsVol. 38(4)
Zhengzhou University of Light Industry (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province
Clean water and sanitation
Openalex Percentile: Top 20%
Nonlinear Waves and Solitons
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