Pharmacognostical over view of species Abutilon indicum (l.) Sweet - A tropical weed with great medicinal effect

Background: Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet. (Malvaceae) is wastelands weed plant and best-known medicinal plant used in the Indian Materia Medica. Objectives: In the search for authenticity of this best-known traditional medicine, were investigated in order to obtain characteristic patterns and medicinal potentiality by the way of pharmacognostical analysis. This drug posse’s excellent potential in Ayurvedic medicinal system. Materials and methods: The essential parameters studied up for the pharmacognosy of A. indicum were macroscopical study, histochemical evaluation, including transverse section, powder microscopy and physicochemical parameters. Result: The pharmacognostical characterization profiles of plant revealed the important identification characters like stellate trichome and presence of rosette type crystals. From the microscopical evaluation, the histochemical evaluation showed the tissue arrangements of petiole, leaf and stem and observed cell storage depositions like starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals. from the powder microscopical observation presence of plenty of calcium oxalate rosette type crystals, prismatic type of calcium oxalate crystals stellate type trichome, glandular trichome, lower epidermis with anomocytic stomata and starch grains, pitted vessels, reticulate vessels, lignified fibres and tracheids are observed. Conclusions: The findings of this research will help in identifying this plant drug and standardization of the single drug or as a powder form, even when added to a formulation this drug as ingredient.