GCMS - Phytochemical Profiling of Twakmustadi Yoga: Comparative Analysis of Its Arka (Distillate) and Phanta (hot infusion)

Ayurveda, India’s traditional system of medicine, focuses on holistic health and disease prevention through the use of herbal formulations. Among these, polyherbal combinations are widely utilized for their synergistic effects, enhancing both efficacy and safety. Twakmustadi Yoga, a formulation mentioned by Acharya Charaka for oral purification, includes Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cyperus rotundus, Elettaria cardamomum, and Coriandrum sativum. This study aims to compare the phytochemical profiles of its two classical preparations—Arka (distillate) and Phanta (hot infusion)—through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The Arka was prepared by steam distillation and exhibited 12 distinct phytoconstituents, with the highest concentrations of 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol (52%) and Pentadecanoic acid (21.29%). The formulation also included monoterpenes, aldehydes, and phenolic acids, indicating strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. The presence of low molecular weight, volatile compounds in Arka suggests rapid absorption and higher bioavailability, along with improved shelf life due to its chemical stability. In contrast, Phanta, prepared as a hot infusion and lyophilized before extraction, revealed 17 components. Major constituents included cis-11-Eicosenoic acid (69%) and Benzyl nitrile (17.46%), alongside long-chain fatty acids, sterols, and nucleobase analogs—highlighting its systemic health benefits. However, its susceptibility to oxidation and the presence of compounds like HMF suggest reduced stability. This comparative analysis demonstrates that preparation methods significantly influence the nature and potency of bioactive compounds. Arka offers an advantage in terms of stability, palatability, and quicker therapeutic action, while Phanta provides a broader profile of lipid-based and phenolic compounds suitable for systemic support. These findings guide optimal formulation selection in Ayurvedic practice.