Unlocking Cancer Immunity: Deciphering the Role of Tumor‐Associated Macrophages in Modulating Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Among the diverse cellular constituents of the TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical players that support tumor growth, facilitate angiogenesis, and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Metabolic reprogramming of TAMs has emerged as a pivotal mechanism driving their immunosuppressive and pro-tumourigenic functions. This extensive review delves into the intricate metabolic pathways involved in TAM reprogramming, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the impact of these metabolic alterations on the TME. We also explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting TAM metabolism to reprogram the TME and enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy.