PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA ROOT EXTRACT FOR ANTI-ANXIETY ACTIVITY IN RATS

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub., a traditionally valued medicinal plant, has been widely used in Ayurvedic systems for its diverse therapeutic properties. The present review focuses on the phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of Butea monosperma root extract, particularly emphasizing its potential anti-anxiety activity in experimental rat models. Phytochemical screening of the root extract reveals the presence of bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and phenolic compounds, which are known to exert significant neuropharmacological effects. These compounds are hypothesized to modulate central nervous system activity through interactions with neurotransmitter systems, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, and dopamine pathways. Pharmacological studies conducted using standard behavioral models, such asthe elevated plus maze, open field test, and light-dark box test in rats, indicate a marked anxiolytic effect of the root extract. The observed activity is comparable to standard anxiolytic agents, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative with fewer side effects. Additionally, antioxidant properties of the extract may contribute to its neuroprotective and anti-anxiety effects by reducing oxidative stress implicated in anxiety disorders. Overall, this review highlights the therapeutic potential of Butea monosperma root extract as a promising candidate for the development of plant-based anxiolytic agents. Further studies, including clinical trials and mechanistic investigations, are recommended to validate its safety, efficacy, and mode of action.