The therapeutic potential of baicalin for stroke

Despite rapid advances in modern medicine, stroke remains a life-threatening neurological emergency and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke is broadly classified into ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, both of which trigger complex cascades of secondary brain injury. Pathological processes such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier disruption, cerebral edema, and delayed neuronal death are closely linked to poor long-term neurological outcomes, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapies. Baicalin, a natural flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis , has demonstrated significant neuroprotective potential in preclinical studies. This review summarizes the pathophysiological basis of stroke and discusses the mechanisms by which baicalin may counteract disease progression. Particular emphasis is placed on the underlying mechanisms of its multi-target actions, pharmacokinetic characteristics, novel delivery strategies, and major barriers limiting its clinical translation. By integrating mechanistic and translational perspectives, this review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the therapeutic potential of baicalin in stroke management and highlights priorities for future clinical research.