A floating body with no preferred orientation: An experimental realization

We present a simple experimental realization of a two-dimensional floating body that can remain in equilibrium in any orientation. This system is based on a class of shapes known as Zindler curves, which possess the remarkable geometric property that all chords dividing their area into equal parts have the same length. Using a multilayer fabrication approach, we construct a heart-shaped floating object with an effective density close to one-half of that of the surrounding liquid. We show experimentally that, under these conditions, the object exhibits neutral equilibrium with respect to rotation. When the density is slightly varied, preferred orientations emerge, consistent with a simple energy-based description. Our experiments highlight both the accessibility of this classical problem and the subtle role of physical effects such as density inhomogeneities and capillarity. They provide a simple platform to explore the interplay between geometry and buoyancy, and to test geometric results in a tangible setting.

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Publication Details

Journal
American Journal of Physics
Published
2026-09-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0336528
Primary Topic
Micro and Nano Robotics
Type
article
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article

A floating body with no preferred orientation: An experimental realization

Lucie Pontiggia, Angélique Campaniello, Emmanuel Fort
American Journal of Physics
Micro and Nano Robotics
article

A floating body with no preferred orientation: An experimental realization

Lucie Pontiggia, Angélique Campaniello, Emmanuel Fort
article en

Abstract

We present a simple experimental realization of a two-dimensional floating body that can remain in equilibrium in any orientation. This system is based on a class of shapes known as Zindler curves, which possess the remarkable geometric property that all chords dividing their area into equal parts have the same length. Using a multilayer fabrication approach, we construct a heart-shaped floating object with an effective density close to one-half of that of the surrounding liquid. We show experimentally that, under these conditions, the object exhibits neutral equilibrium with respect to rotation. When the density is slightly varied, preferred orientations emerge, consistent with a simple energy-based description. Our experiments highlight both the accessibility of this classical problem and the subtle role of physical effects such as density inhomogeneities and capillarity. They provide a simple platform to explore the interplay between geometry and buoyancy, and to test geometric results in a tangible setting.

American Journal of PhysicsVol. 94(10)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR), ESPCI Paris (FR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 74%
Micro and Nano Robotics
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A floating body with no preferred orientation: An experimental realization — Lucie Pontiggia, Angélique Campaniello, et al. · American Journal of Physics (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS