Tunnel Effect of ZIF-8 Incorporated in a Polysulfone Matrix

. The incorporation of ZIF-8 significantly enhanced the water permeability of PSF membranes, and a pronounced negative correlation was observed between the electrochemical impedance values and water flux. Furthermore, in situ EIS measurements demonstrated that the composite membranes incorporating ZIF-8 particles exhibited excellent antifouling performance, indicating that EIS can serve as a cost-effective and real-time monitoring tool for assessing membrane separation performance.