Global spatially detailed water footprint of crop production over five decades

in 2018, with blue and green WFs rising by 65% and 61%, respectively, driven by growing demands for food, feed, biofuels, and other uses. A 36% increase in crop area was found to be the primary contributor, while increased crop productivity through land intensification helped offset further increases. The rise in WF was driven primarily by oil crops, cereals, and fruits. Green water accounted for 84% of the WF increase, emphasizing the need for better green water management. Population growth, livestock production, agricultural exports, GDP, and biofuel demand were identified as key socio-economic drivers, offering insights into targeted strategies for sustainable water use in agriculture.