Agromorphological-dependent sowing architecture promotes sesame yield under irrigated agro-system

This study evaluated non-conventional sowing architectures across distinct varieties and plant stands through field experiments conducted over two growing seasons. Three sowing architectures were evaluated: Conventional (two rows per bed), three-row, and twin-row configurations with two stands and three varieties. Measurements included morphological traits, weed competitiveness, grain yield and its components, and nutritional quality. Non-conventional sowing architectures accelerated canopy closure by 8-10 days, achieving 75% ground coverage significantly faster, through the use of twin-row systems that demonstrated superior weed competitiveness and enhanced sesame productivity, resulting in yield increases of 16-25% compared to conventional methods. Variety responses varied substantially; compact phenotypes with concentrated flowering period (Oren) showed optimal performance under twin-row arrangements (2061 kg ha−1), while taller phenotypes (Mika) performed best under conventional spacing (1975 kg ha−1). Commercial field validation confirmed variety-specific responses, with Mika showing 13% yield reduction under twin-row configuration. Modified sowing architecture significantly enhances sesame productivity by optimizing resource-use efficiency. The pronounced variety-specific responses demonstrate that the appropriate spatial arrangement must be tailored to individual cultivar characteristics. This approach requires no additional inputs beyond modified planting equipment, making it economically viable for commercial producers. The dual benefits of weed suppression and yield enhancement through sowing architecture modification offer opportunities to develop holistic management systems that maximize sesame crop resource-use efficiency.