TeSe nanoparticle-integrated exosomes for accelerated diabetic Pressure ulcer healing via NIR-II triggered synergy

, TeSe nanoparticles demonstrated effective NIR-II photothermal conversion and antibacterial activity. Their integration with exosomes significantly boosted fibroblast migration and proliferation. Histological analysis confirmed that the combined therapy potently promoted angiogenesis (increased CD31 expression), reduced inflammation (decreased CD68 expression), and improved collagen remodeling (lowered collagen I/III ratio). This work presents an innovative therapeutic approach that synergizes bioactive exosome delivery with microenvironment modulation via antibacterial photothermal therapy, offering a promising prospective treatment for diabetic pressure ulcers.