Precision Computational Modeling of Wind Flow Dynamics to Optimize Wind Turbine Deployment in Nigeria's Varied Geographical Terrains

This study evaluates the wind energy potential in Nigeria by analyzing optimal turbine placement across three distinct regions: northern highlands, coastal areas, and savannah regions. Using a hybrid framework combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD), geographic information systems (GIS), and advanced optimization algorithms, wind flow dynamics, energy yields, and turbine configurations were assessed with high precision. The results identify the northern highlands as the most viable region for large-scale wind energy deployment, characterized by an average wind speed of 7.2 m/s, low turbulence intensity, and minimal wake losses. Optimized layouts in this region achieved an energy yield of 3,600 MWh/year per turbine with a capacity factor of 42%. Coastal areas and savannah regions demonstrated moderate wind energy potential, producing 2,200 MWh/year and 1,900 MWh/year per turbine, respectively, but exhibited higher turbulence and wake-induced losses due to their geographical constraints. This research highlights the critical need for tailored deployment strategies, robust grid infrastructure, and policy support to accelerate wind energy development in Nigeria. The findings also underscore the importance of integrating wind energy with complementary renewable resources, such as solar, to enhance reliability and optimize energy generation. By addressing regional variability in wind resources, this study provides actionable insights for maximizing Nigeria’s wind energy potential, contributing to its renewable energy goals and advancing sustainable development.